Hwang - Microprocessor Design with VHDL - 2004, Rozmaitosci, elektronika(1)
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Microprocessor Design
Principles and Practices
With VHDL
Enoch O. Hwang
© Brooks / Cole 2004
To my wife and children Windy, Jonathan and Michelle
Contents
1.
Designing a Microprocessor
................................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Overview of a Microprocessor ....................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Design Abstraction Levels.............................................................................................................................. 4
1.3 Examples for a 2-input Multiplexer ................................................................................................................ 4
1.3.1 Behavioral Level.................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3.2 Gate Level.............................................................................................................................................. 6
1.3.3 Transistor Level ..................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 VHDL ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.5 Synthesis......................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.6 Going Forward................................................................................................................................................ 9
1.7 Summary Checklist......................................................................................................................................... 9
Index ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11
2
Digital Circuits
...................................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Binary Numbers............................................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Binary Switch ................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.3 Basic Logic Operators and Logic Expressions ............................................................................................... 5
2.4 Truth Tables.................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.5 Boolean Algebra and Boolean Function ......................................................................................................... 6
2.5.1 Boolean Algebra .................................................................................................................................... 6
2.5.2 Duality Principle .................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5.3 Boolean Function and the Inverse.......................................................................................................... 9
2.6 Minterms and Maxterms............................................................................................................................... 12
2.6.1 Minterms.............................................................................................................................................. 12
2.6.2 Maxterms ............................................................................................................................................. 13
2.7 Canonical, Standard, and non-Standard Forms............................................................................................. 15
2.8 Logic Gates and Circuit Diagrams................................................................................................................ 15
2.9 Example: Designing a Car Security System ................................................................................................. 17
2.10 Introduction to VHDL .................................................................................................................................. 19
2.10.1 VHDL code for a 2-input NAND gate................................................................................................. 19
2.10.2 VHDL code for a 3-input NOR gate.................................................................................................... 20
2.10.3 VHDL code for a function ................................................................................................................... 20
2.11 Summary Checklist....................................................................................................................................... 21
2.12 Exercises ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
Index ...................................................................................................................................................................... 26
3
Combinational Circuits
......................................................................................................................................... 2
3.1 Analysis of Combinational Circuits................................................................................................................ 2
3.1.1 With a Truth Table................................................................................................................................. 2
3.1.2 With a Boolean Function ....................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Synthesis of Combinational Circuits .............................................................................................................. 5
3.3 Technology Mapping...................................................................................................................................... 6
3.4 Minimization of Combinational Circuits ........................................................................................................ 9
3.4.1 Karnaugh (K) Maps ............................................................................................................................... 9
3.4.2 Don’t-cares .......................................................................................................................................... 13
3.4.3 * Quine-McCluskey (Tabulation) Method........................................................................................... 14
3.5 * Timing Hazards and Glitches .................................................................................................................... 15
3.6 7-Segment Decoder Example ....................................................................................................................... 16
3.7 VHDL Code for Combinational Circuits ...................................................................................................... 19
3.7.1
Structural BCD to 7-Segment Decoder................................................................................................ 19
3.7.2
Dataflow BCD to 7-Segment Decoder ................................................................................................ 22
3.7.3
Behavioral BCD to 7-Segment Decoder.............................................................................................. 22
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Microprocessor Design
Principles and Practices
With VHDL
Enoch O. Hwang
© Brooks / Cole 2004
To my wife and children Windy, Jonathan and Michelle
Contents
1.
Designing a Microprocessor
................................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Overview of a Microprocessor ....................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Design Abstraction Levels.............................................................................................................................. 4
1.3 Examples for a 2-input Multiplexer ................................................................................................................ 4
1.3.1 Behavioral Level.................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3.2 Gate Level.............................................................................................................................................. 6
1.3.3 Transistor Level ..................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 VHDL ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.5 Synthesis......................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.6 Going Forward................................................................................................................................................ 9
1.7 Summary Checklist......................................................................................................................................... 9
Index ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11
2
Digital Circuits
...................................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Binary Numbers............................................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Binary Switch ................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.3 Basic Logic Operators and Logic Expressions ............................................................................................... 5
2.4 Truth Tables.................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.5 Boolean Algebra and Boolean Function ......................................................................................................... 6
2.5.1 Boolean Algebra .................................................................................................................................... 6
2.5.2 Duality Principle .................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5.3 Boolean Function and the Inverse.......................................................................................................... 9
2.6 Minterms and Maxterms............................................................................................................................... 12
2.6.1 Minterms.............................................................................................................................................. 12
2.6.2 Maxterms ............................................................................................................................................. 13
2.7 Canonical, Standard, and non-Standard Forms............................................................................................. 15
2.8 Logic Gates and Circuit Diagrams................................................................................................................ 15
2.9 Example: Designing a Car Security System ................................................................................................. 17
2.10 Introduction to VHDL .................................................................................................................................. 19
2.10.1 VHDL code for a 2-input NAND gate................................................................................................. 19
2.10.2 VHDL code for a 3-input NOR gate.................................................................................................... 20
2.10.3 VHDL code for a function ................................................................................................................... 20
2.11 Summary Checklist....................................................................................................................................... 21
2.12 Exercises ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
Index ...................................................................................................................................................................... 26
3
Combinational Circuits
......................................................................................................................................... 2
3.1 Analysis of Combinational Circuits................................................................................................................ 2
3.1.1 With a Truth Table................................................................................................................................. 2
3.1.2 With a Boolean Function ....................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Synthesis of Combinational Circuits .............................................................................................................. 5
3.3 Technology Mapping...................................................................................................................................... 6
3.4 Minimization of Combinational Circuits ........................................................................................................ 9
3.4.1 Karnaugh (K) Maps ............................................................................................................................... 9
3.4.2 Don’t-cares .......................................................................................................................................... 13
3.4.3 * Quine-McCluskey (Tabulation) Method........................................................................................... 14
3.5 * Timing Hazards and Glitches .................................................................................................................... 15
3.6 7-Segment Decoder Example ....................................................................................................................... 16
3.7 VHDL Code for Combinational Circuits ...................................................................................................... 19
3.7.1
Structural BCD to 7-Segment Decoder................................................................................................ 19
3.7.2
Dataflow BCD to 7-Segment Decoder ................................................................................................ 22
3.7.3
Behavioral BCD to 7-Segment Decoder.............................................................................................. 22
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