How-to-Teach-Grammar, dydaktyka
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Scott Thornbury
T. C.
Mu:.i:Wl.A'iiNtvERS1TES!
K!JT~A.W€
VE OOKUMANT
A<:;'YO(,'
o~Esi
SASKANUi';1
Oimirba1> No :
series editor:
Jeremy Harmer
pearson Education Limited
Edinburgh Gate
rTarlow
Essex
CM10 2JE
England
and Associated Companies thoughout the World
\\'ww.iungman.col11
cQJ l\:arson Education Limited 1999
JU!
rights reserved; no part of this public;ltion may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval
sy~tem,
or transmitted, in anv form or
by
any me;lI1S, elecnonic,
mechal1in~l,
photocopying, recording,
o~
otherwise, ;virh(;l1t the prior 'written
permission of the Publisher.
The Publisher gr;mts permission f\)r the photocopying of those pages marked
;photocopiahle'
~Kcording
to the f(lilowing conditions.
Individual
purchasers
may make copies f()r their own usc or
i(H
usc
by
cl.lsses they teach. School
purch~l~ers
may make copies for usc
by
their staff and students, but this
permission docs not extend to additilllwi. schools or branches. Under no
circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied
fiJI"
resde.
The right of Scott Thornbury
to
be identified as the author of this \Vork bs
been
as~ened
by
him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Parents
Act 1988.
Frrst published 1999
F'c)urlh i.mpl"'2ss1,\\l, 7..0(\2
f'rintl'd in
\-1<1I,\yS[,',
PI'
Produced f{.lr the publishers
by
Bluestone Press, Charlbury, Oxfordshire, UK
Text design
by
Keith
Rigley
at White Horse Graphics
ISBN 0382 339324
Acknowledgements
\Vc arc grateful to
dlC
ri.illowing f;)(
permission to reproduce copyright materIa!:
British
I':ntiolla! Corpus
i~)l"
extracts based on headings 'Remember', 'Forget'
,md 'Stop' from.
Tbe British Nation,1f Corptl5
weh
~itc;
C,unbridge Unive,slty
Press and the author for an extract (rom
Englis/;
Gl"tIlIIlI1ilr
ill
Usc
by
R, :\lurphy
(199--1-);
Oxf:;r~1
University Prcss
f(lr
an extract and illustration from
Oxford
j
1
rof;rt}si,['[; ';S!l!!,/i.l'/; Celil'st'
!w
Hornhy (1954);
Pearoon Education Ltd for
exti;;tet~~ll1d il1~JSrrat'iOns
fror;l
Ova /e' Us, ESO
4, Te,lChcr's Bonk by Palencia
~H1(rrfhorubUl_:~'
published
by
Longm;m Group Ltd
(1998)
and from-
Gmlllllltlr
[lmaice.'/'$ !ii/,'mli',lill!t
,')'/II&II/S
by
\V,llker
&
Elsworth pubbhed
by
Longman
Group Ltd (1986),
\Vc
kn'c
been
unable to trace
the copyright hokler
of
news items
'Concern
f~)r mis~ing
Jlwnkc)",
'Sighting of
missing
monkey', ':'lollkey
still
on the .loose',
'E'Cljled Illollke.\' shot dead' (rom
TVNZ
m;b
~ite
(l
tJ97), ;mel would appreciate
'.my
lnt:,["m'.\t\()ll
wb,;,ch
wOl.l\d
ICI"\'Abk
u,~
to
d,)
,'·0.
Contents
Page
viii
Acknowledgements
;x
Introduction
What is grammar?
Texts, sentences, words, sounds
Grammar and meaning
T\vo
kind~
of meaning
Grammar and functIon
Spoken grammar and written gnu11mar
Grammar syJJabuses
Gramnlar rules
Conclusions
Looking ahead
2
Why teach grammar?
Attitudes to grammar
The case for grammar
The case against gramnnr
Grammar and methods
Grammar now
Basic principles for gr:lllllnar teaching
Conclusions
looking ahead
14
29
3
How to teach grammar from I"ules
A dcductin: :lpproach
Rules ane! explanations
S:lmple lesson 1: Using a rule explanation to teach
question (ormation
S<1mpk lesson 2: Teaching
IIsed to
using translation
Sample lesson ,);
TC~lcbing
;;rtic1cs using grammar
wurksheets
Sample
ks~on
4: TCilching word order using;l
sdf-~tlldy
g-ramm,i!"
Conclusions
Looking ahead
;v
4
How to teach grammar from examples
inductive learning
Pros ,md cons of an inductive approach
S'.H:'p1e
lesson
1:
Te',\ching irnpuatl\'1.:s
through
actIOns
Sample lesson 2: Teaching the present 5imple
using rcalia
Sample lesson 3: Teaching
should
!hl1N!
done
using
a gcner:ltive situation
Sample lesson 4: Teaching the ditferclKe between
past si111ple and present perfect through minimal
sentence pairs
Sample lesson 5: Te'M:hing verbs th,,',t tak,.; hoth
infinitive and
~illli
(orms, using cOllcordance data
Conclusions
Looking ahead
49
5
How to teach grammar through texts
Texts and contexts
Sources of texts
S,1111P1c
lesson
1:
Using a scripted dialogue to
tc.lch the present simple
Sample ksson 2: Using "n autht,ntic text to t(:',Kh
the passive
Sample Jesson 3: Using student bnguage to review
'ways of talking about the (uture
Sample lesson 4: Using a dictogloss to teach
'u}()uid
for past habits
Sample lesson 5: Using genre analysis
to
teach
reporting lan!:,-'l.lage
Conclusions
Looking ahead
69
v
9
How to test grammar
Gramrnar testing
Sample test 1: Testing grammar using
discrete-item tests
S·"mpk test 2:
Test~ng
grarnmar in ;m
oral performance test
Conclusions
Looking ahead
141
10 How NOT to teach grammar
S,tl11pk lesson: How not to teach the
Flst perfect
Some
ruJes
Some conditions
Some
C'AVC';J.ts
151
Task File
157
Task File Key
177
179
Further reading
180
Index
vii
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl chiara76.opx.pl
Scott Thornbury
T. C.
Mu:.i:Wl.A'iiNtvERS1TES!
K!JT~A.W€
VE OOKUMANT
A<:;'YO(,'
o~Esi
SASKANUi';1
Oimirba1> No :
series editor:
Jeremy Harmer
pearson Education Limited
Edinburgh Gate
rTarlow
Essex
CM10 2JE
England
and Associated Companies thoughout the World
\\'ww.iungman.col11
cQJ l\:arson Education Limited 1999
JU!
rights reserved; no part of this public;ltion may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval
sy~tem,
or transmitted, in anv form or
by
any me;lI1S, elecnonic,
mechal1in~l,
photocopying, recording,
o~
otherwise, ;virh(;l1t the prior 'written
permission of the Publisher.
The Publisher gr;mts permission f\)r the photocopying of those pages marked
;photocopiahle'
~Kcording
to the f(lilowing conditions.
Individual
purchasers
may make copies f()r their own usc or
i(H
usc
by
cl.lsses they teach. School
purch~l~ers
may make copies for usc
by
their staff and students, but this
permission docs not extend to additilllwi. schools or branches. Under no
circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied
fiJI"
resde.
The right of Scott Thornbury
to
be identified as the author of this \Vork bs
been
as~ened
by
him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Parents
Act 1988.
Frrst published 1999
F'c)urlh i.mpl"'2ss1,\\l, 7..0(\2
f'rintl'd in
\-1<1I,\yS[,',
PI'
Produced f{.lr the publishers
by
Bluestone Press, Charlbury, Oxfordshire, UK
Text design
by
Keith
Rigley
at White Horse Graphics
ISBN 0382 339324
Acknowledgements
\Vc arc grateful to
dlC
ri.illowing f;)(
permission to reproduce copyright materIa!:
British
I':ntiolla! Corpus
i~)l"
extracts based on headings 'Remember', 'Forget'
,md 'Stop' from.
Tbe British Nation,1f Corptl5
weh
~itc;
C,unbridge Unive,slty
Press and the author for an extract (rom
Englis/;
Gl"tIlIIlI1ilr
ill
Usc
by
R, :\lurphy
(199--1-);
Oxf:;r~1
University Prcss
f(lr
an extract and illustration from
Oxford
j
1
rof;rt}si,['[; ';S!l!!,/i.l'/; Celil'st'
!w
Hornhy (1954);
Pearoon Education Ltd for
exti;;tet~~ll1d il1~JSrrat'iOns
fror;l
Ova /e' Us, ESO
4, Te,lChcr's Bonk by Palencia
~H1(rrfhorubUl_:~'
published
by
Longm;m Group Ltd
(1998)
and from-
Gmlllllltlr
[lmaice.'/'$ !ii/,'mli',lill!t
,')'/II&II/S
by
\V,llker
&
Elsworth pubbhed
by
Longman
Group Ltd (1986),
\Vc
kn'c
been
unable to trace
the copyright hokler
of
news items
'Concern
f~)r mis~ing
Jlwnkc)",
'Sighting of
missing
monkey', ':'lollkey
still
on the .loose',
'E'Cljled Illollke.\' shot dead' (rom
TVNZ
m;b
~ite
(l
tJ97), ;mel would appreciate
'.my
lnt:,["m'.\t\()ll
wb,;,ch
wOl.l\d
ICI"\'Abk
u,~
to
d,)
,'·0.
Contents
Page
viii
Acknowledgements
;x
Introduction
What is grammar?
Texts, sentences, words, sounds
Grammar and meaning
T\vo
kind~
of meaning
Grammar and functIon
Spoken grammar and written gnu11mar
Grammar syJJabuses
Gramnlar rules
Conclusions
Looking ahead
2
Why teach grammar?
Attitudes to grammar
The case for grammar
The case against gramnnr
Grammar and methods
Grammar now
Basic principles for gr:lllllnar teaching
Conclusions
looking ahead
14
29
3
How to teach grammar from I"ules
A dcductin: :lpproach
Rules ane! explanations
S:lmple lesson 1: Using a rule explanation to teach
question (ormation
S<1mpk lesson 2: Teaching
IIsed to
using translation
Sample lesson ,);
TC~lcbing
;;rtic1cs using grammar
wurksheets
Sample
ks~on
4: TCilching word order using;l
sdf-~tlldy
g-ramm,i!"
Conclusions
Looking ahead
;v
4
How to teach grammar from examples
inductive learning
Pros ,md cons of an inductive approach
S'.H:'p1e
lesson
1:
Te',\ching irnpuatl\'1.:s
through
actIOns
Sample lesson 2: Teaching the present 5imple
using rcalia
Sample lesson 3: Teaching
should
!hl1N!
done
using
a gcner:ltive situation
Sample lesson 4: Teaching the ditferclKe between
past si111ple and present perfect through minimal
sentence pairs
Sample lesson 5: Te'M:hing verbs th,,',t tak,.; hoth
infinitive and
~illli
(orms, using cOllcordance data
Conclusions
Looking ahead
49
5
How to teach grammar through texts
Texts and contexts
Sources of texts
S,1111P1c
lesson
1:
Using a scripted dialogue to
tc.lch the present simple
Sample ksson 2: Using "n autht,ntic text to t(:',Kh
the passive
Sample Jesson 3: Using student bnguage to review
'ways of talking about the (uture
Sample lesson 4: Using a dictogloss to teach
'u}()uid
for past habits
Sample lesson 5: Using genre analysis
to
teach
reporting lan!:,-'l.lage
Conclusions
Looking ahead
69
v
9
How to test grammar
Gramrnar testing
Sample test 1: Testing grammar using
discrete-item tests
S·"mpk test 2:
Test~ng
grarnmar in ;m
oral performance test
Conclusions
Looking ahead
141
10 How NOT to teach grammar
S,tl11pk lesson: How not to teach the
Flst perfect
Some
ruJes
Some conditions
Some
C'AVC';J.ts
151
Task File
157
Task File Key
177
179
Further reading
180
Index
vii
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